Electrical apparatus



J y 1930. w. H. F. SCHMIE-DING 1,768,637

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS Filed Oct. 31, 1927 gwwmtoz Patented July 1, 1930 Iwaannn n. 1'.

OF DAYTON, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE ELECTRICAL arrans'rusApplication llledoctober' 3:, i927. Serial No. 229,948.

The present invention relates to electrical generating systems inelu a aprime mover, such as an internal combustion engine,electrical apparatuswhich is adapted to sup- 5 ply current to a generating circuit, and asource of current such as a battery for rendering the prime moveroperable to drive the electrical apparatus.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide improvedcontrol means for rendering the prime mover operative and for connectingthe apparatus with the generating circuit. a

1 Another object is to provide an improved is and novel arrangement ofelements of control going function. F

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparentfrom the folmeclianism and circuits'to perform the forelowingdescription, reference being bad to the accompanying drawing, wherein apreferred form Off the present invention is clearly shown. f The figureof the drawing is a wiring'dia- "2 gram illustrating thepresentinvention.

In the drawing 20 desi fates a prime mover havin a shaft21 whic drives arelatively high vo tage generator 22 having main brushes 23 and 24connected with the arma- 80 tureof the generator, and havin a seriesfield winding 25 and ashunt field winding 26. For the purpose ofillustrating one form of ,the presentinventio'n there is shown arelatively low voltage series-motor 27, which is normally dis'connededfrom theengine, but which may be connected therewith for -cranking thesame. As various devices for automatically connecting anddisconnectingtthe starting motor are well-known to those skilled in theart, illustration thereof is deemed unnecessary. One form of mechanicalconnection which may be used with this invention'is described andclaimedin the copending application of Frank F. Starr, Serial'No.47,717, filed August 3, 1925. j o The engine ignition apparatuscomprises an ignition coil primary 30, an ignition tim: er 31, and'anignition coil secondary 82 which is connected with the engine sparkplug.

Two generatingeimiitsare herein shown,

namely, a relatively high voltage work circuit and a lowvoltage batterycharging circuit. The relatively high voltage work circuit, which issupplied by the generator 22, includes a series field 25, a wire 40, apivoted contact 41, contact 42, wire 43, translating devices 44, whichare individually controlled by switches 45, wire 46, coil 47, and a wire48. The battery charging circuit includes the series field 25, wire 40,contact 41, contact '50, wire 51, batteryzcharging resistance 52, abattery 53, wire 54 and wire 55 which is connected with wire 48.

To'start the engine automatically in respouse-to a demand for current inthe work circuit, one of the switches is closed, thereby causing currentto flow from the-low voltage battery 53 through the following circuitz}Resistance 52, wire 56, magnet C0ll'57, wires'58 and 43, switch 45,translating device 44, wire 46, coil 47, wires 48, 55 and 54 to theopposite side ofthe battery. It will benoted that the low voltagebattery 53 is connected across the high voltage work circuit containingthe high voltage translating device 44, and since'such translatingdevices are relatively high resistance, the current flow in the circuitis small.- The coil 57,;however, is woundso that it will, attract itsarmature'60 when the translating circuit-is closed. Therefore when thereis a demand in the translating or work circuitthis relay, "which-isherein termed'a starting switch relay 61, will be actuated.

The armature of relay 61 actuates a con-' tact '62which is arranged-toengage the contact 63 and: carries aninsulated contact 64,

which latter contact isarranged to engage contacts 65 and 66. I Whencontact '62 engages contact 63 a magnet 68 of the starting switch 69 isenergized over thefollowing circuit: Battery 53, wire 70, wire 71,contacts 62 and 63, coil 68, wire 72, movable contact 73,'contact 74,wire 76, movable contact 77, contact 78, Wi're79 andwire 54 to theopposite side of the battery. When coil 68 is energized the armature 81and switch 69 will be attracted and will cause a movable contact 82 toengage a contact 83 to complete the following cranking circuit to themotor 27: Wire 70, contact 82, contact 88, series motor 27 and wire 54scmnnme, or narrow, onro, assrenon r0 nnLco-Lrenr country,

to the opposite side of the battery. The attraction of armature 81 ofswitch 09 will cause the contact 82 to engage a contact 85 to completethe starting ignition circuit. This circuit branches from contact 82 tocontact 85 whence the current flows over a wire 86 to the primaryignition coil 30, timer 31 and wire 54. Thus the engine will be startedby supplying ignition thereto and by cranking the engine by the startingmotor 27.

If, after connecting the starting motor 27 with the battery 53 forcranking the engine, and the latter should not become self operatingwithin a predetermined length of time, depletion oi the battery isprevented by disconnecting the motor from the battery by a crankingcut-out 88. This cranking cut-out includes the contacts 77 and 78, whichform a part of the circuit to the starting switch coil 68. The contact77 is attached to a lever 89 which is pivoted at 90 and is urgedupwardly by a spring 91. Upward movement of the lever 89 is normallyrestrained by its engagement with the lower end of a thermostatic blade93 which is fixed at 94. The blade 03 is in heat-receiving relation to aheating coil 96 and this coil is connected across the battery terminals,one end of said coil being connected by a wire 97 to the wire 84 and theother end thereof being connected by a wire 08 with the wire 54. Thus itis apparent that when current is supplied to the starting motor theheating coil 97 is energized, and if the cranking of the engine shouldcontinue for an abnormal period, the bi-metal blade 93 will be heatedsufliciently to cause the lower end thereof to bend toward the left, asviewed in the drawing, until the lower end of the blade 93 moves pastthe siioulder 99 of lever 89. lVhen this occurs, the lever 89 movesupwardly and causes contact 77 to separate from contact 78 to thusinterrupt the flow of current through the starting switch magnet coil 68whereby contact 82 will be separated from contact 83 to thus interruptthe cranking circuit, while at the same time interrupt the ignitioncircuit.

During normal operation, the engine becomes self operative before thecranking circuit is interrupted. However, it is desirable to interruptthe cranking circuit after the engine is self operative and this isaccomplished by a stop-cranking relay 101 which ncludes the coil 47 anda coil 102. The coil 102 is arranged to attractan armature to cause thecontact 73 to be separated troin contact 74 and cause an insulatedcontact 103 to engage contacts 104 and 105. The coil 102 is connectedacross the terminals of the generator 22 by a wire 107, wire 108contacts 06, 64 and of starting switch relay 61, wire 109, coil 102 andwire 48 to the opposite side of the generator. When the generatorvoltage reaches a certain Value (less than normal), the coil 102 will beenergized sufficiently to attract the armature 103 whereby the circuitof the starting switch magnet 68 will be interrupted at 74 t0 thusinterrupt the cranking circuit of the motor 27 and the cranking cut-outcircuit by separating contact 82 from 83. \Vhen the contact 82 is movedout of engagement with 83 to interrupt the cranking circuit, it alsoseparates from contact to interrupt the ignition circuit at this point.However, prior to the separation of contact 82 from contact 85 a runningignition circuit is established by the engagement of contact 103 withcontacts 104 and 105 as follows: Battery 53, wire 70,

wire 111, contacts 105, 103 and 104, which latter contact is connectedwith the wire 80 which in turn is connected with primary ignition coil30. It is apparent therefore that the engine control device, namely, the

ignition circuit, is maintained through the stop-cranking relay 101.

It is to be understood that when relay 101 operates. the generator 22 isnot up to full voltage, but when the generator does attain substantiallyits full relatively high voltage, load switch 113 will be brought intooperation. This load switch includes the movable contact 41 andactuating armature 114 and a coil 115. This coil is connected across thegenerator 22 by wires 107 and 116 on one side of the generator and bywires 117 and 46, coil 47 and wire 48 on the other side of thegenerator; and when the voltage across the terminals of the generatorattain a certain value, coil 115 will be energized sufliciently toattract the armature 114 to cause contact 41 to engage contacts 50 and42 to thus complete the generating circuits including the battery andthe translating devices.

Contact 41 is arranged to engage contact 50 an instant sooner than itengages contact 42 in order to prevent a reversal of current in coil 57which would be the case if current were permitted to flow first throughcontact 42 and wire 43. When contact 41 engages contact 42 the coil 57will be short-circuited since the resistance of wire 43 is less than theresistance offeredhv coil 57 which coil is now connected in parallelwith wire 43. The armature 60 of starting switch relay will then drop tocause contact 64 to separate from contacts 65 and 66 to thus interruptthe circuit to the coil 102 of stop-cranking rela 101. At this time,however, the coil 47 which is in the work circuit will be energized andwill maintain the contact 103 in engage ment with contacts 104 and 105whereby ignition is supplied to the engine. It is apparent that theentire system is now under the control of coil 115 of relay 113 and coil7 of relay 101. As long as current is in demand in the work circuit, thecoil 47 will maintain the ignition circuit closed, but as soon as thedemand ceases, the coil 47 will he de-energized and the contact 103 willbe sepa rated from contacts 104 and 105 tointerrupt" coil 102 can bearranged to operate at a rela- I tively low voltage. and the coil issubjected to a relatively high voltage for only a short interval at atime, namely, that time required to bring the engine from saidrelatively low voltage to its normal high voltage at which time thecircuits of the coil 102 will be interrupted by the separation ofcontact 64 from contacts 65 and 66. Thus it is apparent that if the highvoltage is impressed across the low voltage coil for only a relativelyshort interval of time said coil may be arranged to operate at arelatively low voltage and in this manner the cranking circuit can beinterrupted substantially as soon as the engine is self operative.

While'the form of embodiment of the invention as herein disclosed,constitutes a preferred form, it is to be understood that other thescope of the claims which follow.

What is claimed is as follows:

1. An electrical generating system, com-' prising in combination, aprime mover; a source of current; a generating circuit; electricalapparatus vfor rendering the prime mover operable and for supplyingcurrent to the generating circuit; a prime mover control device; aplurality of control circuits for said device; control mechanism forconnecting the electrical apparatus with the source of supply and forrendering one of said control circuits forsaid device operative; avoltage coil energized by said apparatus for rendering another of saidcontrol circuits for said device operative; and a coil in seriesrelation'with the electrical apparatus and the generating circuit formaintaining the latter control circuit operative. 7

2; An electrical generating system, com prising in combination, a primemover; a source of current; a generating circuit; electrical apparatusfor rendering the prime mover operable andfor supplying current to thegenerating circuit; a prime mover control device; a plurality of controlcircuits for said device control mechanism for connecting the.

electrical apparatus withthe source of supply and for rendering one ofsaid control circuits for said device operative; a voltage coilenergized by said apparatus for rendering another of said controlcircuits for said device operative; and a coil in series relationwiththe electrical apparatus andthe generating circuit for maintainingthe latter control circuit operative. and means for connecting theelectrical apparatuswith the generating circuit and for rendering thecontrol mechanism inoperative.

3. An electrical generating system, comprising in combination, a primemover; a source of current; a generating circuit; electrical apparatusfor rendering the prime mover operable and for supplying currentto thegenerating circuit; a prime mover control device; control mechanism forconnecting the electrical apparatus with the source of supply and'forcontrolling said device; a voltage coil energized by said apparatusfor controlling said device; a circuit for said coil controlled by saidcontrol mechanism; means responsive to prime mover operation forrendering said controlmechanism and said voltage coil inoperative andfor maintaining said device operative.

4. An electrical generating system, comprising in combination, aprimemover; a source of current; a circuit ;electr cal apparatus forrendering the prime mover operable and for supplying current to agenerating circuit; a prime mover control device; control mechanism forconnecting the electrical apparatus with thesourcc of supply and forcontrolling said device; a voltage coil energized by said apparatus forcontrolling said device; a circuit for said coil controlled by said,control mechanism; means responsive to prime.

mover operation for renderingsaid control mechanism and said voltagecoilinoperative; a and means for maintaining said device opera tive as longas current is supplied by the electrical apparatus to the generatingcircuit.

5. An electrical generating system, comprising in combination, a primemover; a source of current; .a circuit; electrical apparatus forrendering the. prime mover operable and for supplying current to agenerating circuit; a prime mover control device; control mechanism forconnecting the. electrical apparatus with the source of supply and forcontrolling said device; a voltage coil adapted tobe-energized by saidapparatus for controlling said device; a circuit for said coilcontrolled by said control mechanism; means responsive to prime moveroperation for rendering the control mechanism and'said voltage coilinoperative; and a coil in series with the electrical'apparatus and thegenerating circuit for supplementing said coil to maintain the controldevice operative. i r g 6. An electrical generating system, .comprisingin combination, an internal combustion engine; a battery; electricalapparatus for cranking the engine and for supplying current, an enginecranking circuit, and a generating circuit; an engine control device;control mechanism for establishing the crankin circuit and for renderingthe control device operative; and means responsive to engine operationfor rendering said controlmechanism inoperative, said means ineluding a.relay having a low' voltage coil connected in shunt with the electricalapparatus and adapted to interrupt the cranking circuit and establish asecondary control for the control device and a coil in series with thegenerating circuit for maintaining said seconear control and meansresponsive to engine operation for rendering said series coil effectiveand for rendering the shunt coil ineffective.

7. An electrical generating system, comprising in combination a primemover; a source of current; a generating circuit; an electricalapparatus for rendering the prime mover operable and for sup yingcurrent to the generating circuit; a prime mover control device; aplurality of control circuits for said device; control mechanism forconnecting the electrical apparatus with the source of supply and forrendering one of said control circuits for said device operative: avoltage coil energized by said apparatus for rendering another of saidcontrol circuits for said device operative; and a coil in seriesrelation with the electrical apparatus and the generating circuit formaintaining the latter for said control circuits operative; and meansoperated subsequently to said voltage coil for rendering the first ofsaid control circuits for the device inoperative.

In testimony whereof I hereto ailix my signature.

lVARREN H. F. SCHMIEDING.

